Defects of Human Nature Essay

Human nature can be defined as being the psychological characteristics of humankind which are understood to be shared by all human beings. In the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, the flaws of human nature are explored in detail. When critics asked Golding about the theme of the novel, he replied, â€Å"The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature† (p. 204). He believes that political systems cannot govern society effectively without first taking into consideration the defects of human nature. One of the numerous flaws in human nature which is illustrated in â€Å"Lord of the Flies† is the reluctance of admitting one’s mistakes. The characters in this novel are of young age, the oldest being around 12 or 13 years old. This leaves room for many mistakes to be made, as young children are bound to make mistakes. It is human nature to deny mistakes, and to instead blame mishaps on others. In the beginning of â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, when the first meeting is held, Piggy suggests a head count to keep track of everyone, especially the â€Å"littluns. † Ralph and Jack dismiss this idea by making fun of Piggy instead of taking his comment into consideration. There was a little child that talked about a â€Å"snake-thing† (p. 35). He is only distinguished by a mark on his face. The other boys laugh at the child and write off the idea as a nightmare. Later, when the boys are looking for wood, they come across a snake-pit. It is then when Piggy realizes that the small boy with the mark on his face is gone. â€Å"That little’un that had a mark on his face–where is–he now? I tell you I don’t see him–where is he now? † (p. 46-47) Piggy reprimands the other boys for not listening him and taking a head count. Instead of admitting his mistake, Ralph shamefully mumbles an excuse: â€Å"Perhaps he went back to the, the–† (p. 47). Ralph and Jack also blame the incident on Piggy who was put in charge of the â€Å"names. † However, it is not Piggy’s fault because there was no way that he could accomplish this task without the cooperation of the other boys, which was not available to him. The absence of the little one is ignored and is never spoken of again. This is an example of how people are reluctant to admit their mistakes and would rather blame things on others. When Simon realizes that the beastie is not real, but is rather the dead parachuter, he feels obligated to inform the other boys of his discovery. However, Simon barges in on them during one of their feast celebrations. The boys at the feast are dancing and are caught up in the excitement of the night. Not fully aware of the situation, when Simon made his unannounced entrance, he was mistaken for being the beast. In the excitement of the night, nobody realized the mistake and as a consequence, Simon was brutally murdered. After the incident, nobody believed that they actually committed the murder, and instead they all try to find excuses for their actions: â€Å"‘Don’t you understand, Piggy? The things we did–‘ ‘He may still be–‘ ‘No. ‘ ‘P’raps he was only pretending–‘† (p. 157). â€Å"It was an accident, that’s what it was†¦ coming in the dark. He was batty. He asked for it. It was an accident†¦. It was an accident, and that’s that. † (p. 157). Ralph and Piggy are not comfortable with what they had done when they woke up the next morning. Ralph realizes what happened, but Piggy persistently attempts to find an excuse for their actions, as can be seen in the quotes above. He denies all involvement in the murder and struggles to prove to himself, as well as to Ralph, that they both were not connected to the killing in any way. Sam and Eric [or Samneric] feel the same way about the situation as do Ralph and Piggy. The twins act as if they were not present when the murder took place, even though it is obvious they were. They justify this excuse by pretending that they left the feast early because they were â€Å"tired. † Piggy and Ralph go along with this explanation and actually use it for themselves as well: â€Å"‘We left early,’ said Piggy quickly, ‘because we were tired. ‘ ‘So did we–‘† (p. 158). All four of the boys are pretending that they do not know of what is going on and are shaken by the â€Å"dance they had not attended† (p. 158). Throughout â€Å"The Lord of the Flies†, William Golding identifies many â€Å"defects of human nature. † One of the themes of the novel is an â€Å"attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature† (p. 204). The flaws in human nature must be taken into consideration in order to build a successful political structure. In this novel, the young children do now have this knowledge and therefore their society breaks down. It is in human nature for one to be unwilling to admit one’s mistakes, and throughout the Lord of the Flies, Golding has exemplified this flaw in a variety of different ways.

Planning Process Paper Essay

I will compare the planning process to my current workplace. Followed by what I believe would be more crucial and why I think that. Also, I will briefly go over why I do not believe organizations can over-plan during this process. The Basic: Planning Process Step #1: Situational Analysis—This step is where you would typically answer the question, â€Å"Where are we now? † (Amicaall). In my current workplace, the main focus in this step is to be sure that the customer is aware of the customer survey that lucky few may receive. Now, the goal is to be sure the ones who may receive this survey are honest when filling it out with the most accurate information. All survey’s are read and sent to the dealership the vehicle was serviced, or purchased. Therefore, any concern from the customer will highly be considered. We assure that ever individual that has an opportunity of receiving one of these important surveys is aware when delivering the vehicle after any services. So that if there is an issue with the service, that they please notify us before filling out the survey this way we are sure the customer is happy with all services. Also, so that the consumer will know how honesty we stand by our word of correcting and listening to their suggestions by making them happy right away. â€Å"Planners should gather, interpret, and summarize all information relevant to the planning issue in question. A through situational analysis studies past events, examines current conditions, and attempts to forecast future trends† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). By us being sure that are customers are aware of the survey ahead of time, we are more than likely to get a better knowledge of where we may need to focus more on improving or attempting the consumer’s ideas. By doing so, we are more like to achieve reaching our goals. Step #2: Alternative Goals and Plans—â€Å"based on the situational analysis, the planning process should generate alternative goals that may be pursued in the future and the alternative plans that may be used to achieve those goals† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). A lot of our goals set at work are not just to be sure that all customers are happy but also that they know if there’s something that has not instantly been put into effect that we are still in the process of doing so. It may be something that takes a little more financial effort as well as time. For example, a lot of customer have mentioned the would like if their vehicle was washed and vacuumed after every service. We state the following to the customer when this is brought to our attention, â€Å"As of now we are relocating to another facility, fortunately we will be in a bigger building that will also have a car wash available. But for now we have washed your windows and vacuumed the vehicle. We look forward to being able to serve you better. Step #3: Goal and Plan Evaluation—â€Å"next, managers will evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, and potential effects of each alternative goal and plan† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). This is pretty simple; the goal and plan evaluation is discussed every morning within our manager meetings. Some of the ideas in plans they’ve discussed in meetings are the following: complimentary snacks, drinks, opening a Starbucks coffee station and mai ling/emailing great coupons, specials off of services, even possibly a parking garage. The managers gather together to see what is best benefiting the customers and if there are any new ideas that may be brought to their attention. One, manager even stated he over heard a customer state to another customer, â€Å"that it wouldn’t be a bad idea if they had wireless internet so that I could continue to work while my vehicle is being serviced, you would think they would be caught up with the technology no days. † If so what they plan on doing to implant them, are they realistic and attainable? While in the meeting they’ll discuss several ideas and examples of how to keep all eyes and ears open for any future goals and plans. Step #4: Goal and Plan Selection—â€Å"once managers have assessed the various goals and plans, they will select the one that’s most appropriate and feasible† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). After everyone discussing and gathering information from consistent consumers the dealership has decided to select the following as plans for the future; parking garage, complimentary drinks, a Starbucks station that consists of snacks, breakfast and lunch sandwiches up for purchase. Until the Starbucks station has built their customers, we have coupon vouchers so that the customer may have their first Starbuck’s Drinks for free. As all these ideas come out the next step would be to be sure the news letter gets mailed and emailed out to all of our customers and consumers. The newsletters will state all goals and plans that have been selected for our future facility. Step #5: Implementation—â€Å"once managers have selected the goals and plans, they must implement the plans designed to achieve the goals† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). Well, as of now the dealership has implemented a lot of the planned goals. By this I mean, we now have a Starbucks station filled with snacks and many different beverages. We also have put a refrigerator full of all types of sodas and water all complimentary for all customers and purchaser of Toyota Sales and Service. As for the Parking Garage and Car Wash they are both in the works, we have blue prints showing where the next facility will be built. Step #6: Monitor and Control—â€Å"although it is sometimes ignore, this step in the formal planning process is essential. Planning works in a cycle; it is an ongoing, repetitive process. (Bateman & Snell, 2007). Now, the way the company monitors and tracks all the works in cycle is by asking all customers that look like they have purchased or used the vouchers if they enjoy having Starbucks. All mentioned it’s a great change and they all thanked the company for taking the time to listen to their ideas. The managers noticed that all surveys they were receiving had plenty comments about how the changes really benefit them. A lot commented on the wireless internet how covenant it was to have service performed on their vehicle and it didn’t even seem that they weren’t at work because they could still use their computer and complete work assignments. To management it seemed that they were on the right track, by listening to the customers they could make most of them happy and keep their business. By doing so it seems that they’re helping to provide a better workplace as well as a great setting for people to achieve personal as well as career goals. In conclusion, an organization can not be very successful if they do not stay within the basic planning process. As I’ve explained above every step is very important, though one I believe is most crucial and that is Step #! Situational Analysis. The reason why I feel this is most important is because if you analyze a situation incorrectly then you may be headed in the wrong direction as far as improving. The situation may not need any correction or improvement at the time, therefore the situation that needs most improvement may be overlooked. I don’t believe that any organization may over plan because the more effort put into planning the more correction or ideas m ay be created. This will prepare the organization for several different scenarios.

Swot Contribution to Porters Model - 2629 Words

Discuss how Porter’s 5 forces model might contribute to a SWOT analysis Created in 1994 and launched in 1995, Amazon.com today is a group which count several websites and search engine such as Alexa or A9, mobipocket.com, the Internet Movie Database (imdb.com) or even the group Abebooks, specialized in ancient and rare books. In 2007, Jeff Besos, Amazon s CEO, launched the Kindle, made to compete with a whole new range of pads like the Apple Ipad. Over the years Amazon has diversified its activities and is today competing on a product entirely different from their original service. This is due to the business experience developed over the years which has create opportunities for Amazon. Nevertheless some onlooker are still suspicious†¦show more content†¦As we have seen the external environment has positive (opportunities) and negative (threats) possibilities. A company should take advantage whenever it is possible of its opportunities coming from its current weaknesses and strengths. An opportunity is usually completely or marginally out of the range of the company s influence, meaning for instance the development of a new way of making business for the firm, like the development of the e-business a few years ago. While the threats are a problem in the environment which can then get worse and become hazardous for a firm s growth, such as new competition for example. As we have seen previously the SWOT analysis can be consider as a picture of the company, which can show some movements but will not provide the next pictures, or even a lead to know which way things are moving. As an example we can use the case of IBM which was a leader in the IT industry. A SWOT analysis conduct by the Yankee Group showed that IBM was immovable from its leader position, but since that time the company has been overtaken by firms like Microsoft or Intel. This shows one of the lack of this analysis which did not lead the firm into strategic decisions when a different situation appeared (money loosing situation). 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The 19 Best Books on the Napoleonic Wars

Windows Xp Architecture vs. Mac Os X Architecture

Windows XP vs. Mac OS X Architecture Kurt Luchtman POS420 Irene Giouvanos May 29th 2006 When looking at the interface of the Mac OS X Operating System and the Microsoft Windows XP operating system many similarities can be seen. The most obvious is the use of blue in the interface. In the core of the systems they both have a micro kernel which addresses thread management, space management and other communications at the system level and is more resistant to attacks from a virus. Mac OS X is a powerful development platform; it supports multiple development technologies like UNIX, Java, Cocoa and Carbon. It also is host to many open source, web, scripting, database and development technologies. It was build around the integrated†¦show more content†¦Windows XP is a modular system that contains two main layers, a user mode and a kernel mode. The user mode refers to the mode in which the user programs are run such as Adobe Photoshop and Internet Explorer. These programs are limited in terms of what system resources they have access to. The user mode is made up of subsystems capable of passing I/O requests to the appropriate kernel mode drivers by using the I/O manager. Two subsystems make up the user mode layer, the environment subsystem and the integral subsystem. The Environment subsystem is designed to run applications written for many different types of operating systems. Unfortunately these applications run at a lower priority than kernel mode proc esses. The Environment subsystem has three main environment sub systems called Win32 sub system, OS/2 Subsystem, POSIX sub system. The Win32 subsystem runs 32 bit windows applications and also supports virtual DOS machines. This allows backward compatibility with MS DOS and Windows 3.x applications to run in Windows XP. The OS/2 subsystem support 16bit character based OS/2 applications and emulates OS/2 1.3 and 1.x however it will not emulate OS/2 2.x or later applications. The POSIX subsystem supports applications that are only written to either the POSIX 1 standard or the related ISO/IEC standards. The integral subsystem looks for operating system specific functions in the environment subsystem. It is made up of a securityShow MoreRelated Windows Xp Architecture Vs. Mac Os X Architecture Essay example1172 Words   |  5 PagesWindows XP vs. Mac OS X Architecture When looking at the interface of the Mac OS X Operating System and the Microsoft Windows XP operating system many similarities can be seen. The most obvious is the use of blue in the interface. In the core of the systems they both have a micro kernel which addresses thread management, space management and other communications at the system level and is more resistant to attacks from a virus. Mac OS X is a powerful development platform; it supports multipleRead MoreMicrosoft Vs. Application Software2060 Words   |  9 Pagesinterface is difficult to use. 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Challenges of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya free essay sample

The definition of enterprises according to staff headcount and turnover or balance-sheet total is essential for identifying businesses able to benefit from European Union (EU) programs or policies specifically designed for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) Challenges Facing SMEs in Kenya It is generally recognized that SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) face unique challenges, which affect their growth and profitability and hence, diminish their ability to contribute effectively to sustainable development. In this article, the following challenges are briefly discussed: Lack of Managerial Training and Experience, Inadequate Education and Skills, Lack of Credit, National Policy and Regulatory Environment, Technological Change, Poor Infrastructure and Scanty Markets information, lack of Managerial Training and Experience. Many SMEs owners or managers lack managerial training and experience. The typical owner or managers of small businesses develop their own approach to management, through a process of trial and error. As a result, their management style is likely to be more intuitive than analytical, more concerned with day-to-day operations than long-term issues, and more opportunistic than strategic in its concept (Hill 1987). Although this attitude is the key strength at the start-up stage of the enterprise because it provides the creativity needed, it may present problems when complex decisions have to be made. A consequence of poor managerial ability is that SME owners are ill prepared to face changes in the business environment and to plan appropriate changes in technology. Majority of those who run SMEs are ordinary lot whose educational background is lacking. Hence they may not well equipped to carry out managerial routines for their enterprises (King and McGrath 2002). Inadequate Education and Skills Education and skills are needed to run micro and small enterprises. Research shows that majority of the lot carrying out micro and small enterprises in Kenya are not quite well equipped in terms of education and skills. Study suggests that those with more education and training are more likely to be successful in the SME sector (King and McGrath 2002). As such, for small businesses to do well in Kenya, people need to be well informed in terms of skills and management. SMEs in ICT appear to be doing well with the sprouting of many commercial colleges offering various computer applications. Further, studies show that most of those running SMEs in this sector have at least attained college level education (Wanjohi and Mugure, 2008). Lack of Credit Lack of access to credit is almost universally indicated as a key problem for SMEs. This affects technology choice by limiting the number of alternatives that can be considered. Many SMEs may use an inappropriate technology because it is the only one they can afford. In some cases, even where credit is available, the entrepreneur may lack freedom of choice because the lending conditions may force the purchase of heavy, immovable equipment that can serve as collateral for the loan. Credit constraints operate in variety of ways in Kenya where undeveloped capital market forces entrepreneurs to rely on self-financing or borrowing from friends or relatives. Lack of ccess to long-term credit for small enterprises forces them to rely on high cost short term finance. There are various other financial challenges that face small enterprises. They include the high cost of credit, high bank charges and fees. The scenario witnessed in Kenya particularly during the climaxing period of the year 2008 testifies the need for credit among the common and low earning entrepreneurs. Numerous money lenders in the name of Pyramid schemes came up, promising hope among the ‘lit tle investors,’ that they can make it to the financial freedom through soft borrowing. The rationale behind turning to these schemes among a good number of entrepreneurs is mainly to seek alternatives and soft credit with low interest rates while making profits. Financial constraint remains a major challenge facing SMEs in Kenya (Wanjohi and Mugure, 2008). National Policy and Regulatory Environment The national policy and regulatory environment has an important impact on technology decisions at the enterprise level. The structural adjustment programs (SAPs) implemented in many African countries are aimed at removing heavy policy distortions, which have been viewed as detrimental to the growth of the private sector. SAPs tend to severely affect vulnerable groups in the short run and have been associated with the worsening living conditions in many African countries (USAID 1991). The findings in the study by Wanjohi and Mugure (2008) indicate that business environment is among the key factors that affect the growth of MSEs. Unpredictable government policies coupled with ‘grand corruption,’ high taxation rates, all continue to pose great threat, not only to the sustainability of SMEs but also to the Kenyan economy that was gaining momentum after decades of wastage during KANU era. Technological Change Change of technology has posed a great challenge to small businesses. Since the mid-1990s there has been a growing concern about the impact of technological change on the work of micro and small enterprises. Even with change in technology, many small business entrepreneurs appear to be unfamiliar with new technologies. Those who seem to be well positioned, they are most often unaware of this technology and if they know, it is not either locally available or not affordable or not situated to local conditions. Foreign firms still remain in the forefront in accessing the new technologies. In most of the African nations, Kenya inclusive, the challenge of connecting indigenous small enterprises with foreign investors and speeding up technological upgrading still persists (Muteti, 2005). There is digital pide between the rural and urban Kenya. With no power supply in most of the rural areas, it is next to impossible to have Internet connectivity and access to information and networks that are core in any enterprise. Thus technological change, though meant to bring about economic change even among the rural lot, does not appear to answer to the plight of the rural entrepreneurs. Poor Infrastructure Poor infrastructures pose a major challenge to small enterprises in Kenya. In Kenya, the provision of better infrastructures has lagged behind over years. There are poor roads, inadequate electricity supply. According to the proceedings of the National Investment Conference, November 2003, Kenya still stands in need of better infrastructures. It has been the pledge NARC government (when it took over from KANU in 2002) to improve the infrastructures, but there is yet much to be done. Scanty Markets Information (information asymmetry) Lack of sufficient market information poses a great challenge to small enterprises. Despite the vast amount of trade-related information available and the possibility of accessing national and international databases, many small enterprises continue to rely heavily on private or even physical contacts for market related information. This is due to inability to interpret the statistical data (Muteti, 2005) and poor connectivity especially in rural areas. Since there is vast amount of information and only lack of statistical knowledge to interpret and Internet connectivity, small enterprises entrepreneurs need to be supported. With connectivity being enhanced (by connecting Kenya globally through Fiber Optic Cable project) there is renewed hope for the SMEs. Conclusion and Recommendations One major question we should pose is: what solution can be offered to the plight of small enterprises in Kenya? For one, policies should aim to encourage and promote the development of local technologies. Emphasis should be on the promotion of the local tool industry to reduce reliance on imports. SMEs are said to face a liability of smallness. Because of their size and resource limitations, they are unable to develop new technologies or to make vital changes in existing ones. Still, there is evidence that SMEs have the potential to initiate minor technological innovations to suit their circumstances. However, for SMEs to fully develop and use this potential, they need specific policy measures to ensure that technology services and infrastructure are provided. Further, research and development institutions that are publicly funded should be encouraged to target the technology needs of SMEs. Secondly, the problem of access to information may be attributed to the inadequacy of SME support institutions. This points to the need for a supportive policy to encourage the establishment of documentation centers and information networks to provide information to SMEs at an affordable price. Thirdly, the government should come up with training centers for training managerial and technical courses for the small enterprises entrepreneurs. Equally, there should be business information centers. Fourthly, government should come up with proper regulatory policies that are small enterprises friendly since many of what we have in Kenya, frustrates every effort of a junior entrepreneur. The policies we have seem to care for the well-established businesses. Since majority of small enterprises lack finance, government should establish friendly small loaning system. This would include low interests rates to ensure the continuity of these businesses. SMEs have the potentiality of transforming the economy of a crippling nation. As such, every effort should be made to boost their growth. By Anthony M. Wanjohi Wanjohi is an experienced Researcher (education and social sciences), Educator, and an Author. He is qualified in both natural and social sciences. He holds postgraduate diplomas, one in education and another in projects management (both from The Catholic University of Eastern Africa CUEA), a bachelors degree in Biology (Madras University, INDIA), diplomas in software engineering (INDIA) and philosophy and Religion (Tanzania). He is the Director of Research and Projects with Kenya Projects Organization (KENPRO); an author with Jomo Kenyatta Foundation and an online academic writer with uvocorp. com and essaywriters. net His experience in research, training and projects management spans over a decade. He has command in a wide range of fields: data analysis, project planning, implementation and evaluation, strategic planning, grant proposal writing, web and graphic designing, among others.

Online Banking Essay Example

Online Banking Essay Table of contents 1. Abstract 2 2. Introduction 3 3. Group Assignment 4. 1. Functionality 7 4. 2. Advantages 9 4. 3. Disadvantages 12 4. 4. Impact of the Technology 13 4. 5. Conclusion 14 4. 6. References 15 4. Individual Assignment 5. 7. Human Aspect of Computing 7 5. 8. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Banking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Online Banking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Online Banking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. Recommendation 19 5. 8. 2. References 19 5. 8. Security Issue 20 5. 9. 3. Recommendation 22 5. 9. Real-time Systems 23 5. 10. 4. Recommendation 25 5. 10. 5. References 25 5. Group Task Report 26 Abstract Today, technology is part of our life and certainly, it effect on all the matters of our life. It can help us to live easier and more comfortable. It even effect on how we communicate with and how we do trades and businesses with each other. One of the inseparable parts of technology that we use is E-banking. It’s one of the most important parts of effect of technology on our life. Day by day it become bigger and more complicate, we must study on it and know the advantages and disadvantages of this new technology if we want to get more benefit of it. In this research we are going to explain what exactly Electronic banking means and explain the definition of E-banking and talk about it problem and benefit for us. We are going to explain the advantages and disadvantages of this new technology and give some recommendation about it problems. We are going to talk about it functionality and know about that where we should use this technology to get more benefits. Introduction E-Banking It is an umbrella term for the process by which a customer may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a brick-and-mortar institution. The following terms all refer to one form or another of electronic banking: personal computer (PC) banking, Internet banking, virtual banking, online banking, home banking, remote electronic banking, and phone banking. PC banking and Internet or online banking is the most frequently used designations. It should be noted, however, that the terms used to describe the various types of electronic banking are often used interchangeably. Guide to E-Banking With the improvement of online banking, you don’t have to do all yours banking in person. No more waiting in the lines. No more dealing with bank officer. Online Banking gives you this chance to sit at home on your sofa and access to your account 24/7. You can transfer money from an online account to another one or get information about certain check has cleared or not. In this way your Personal Computer becomes a virtual bank. Ready to Cooperation you with your banking needs. Common E-Banking Services Retail Services| Wholesale Services| Account management| Account management| Bill payment and presentment| Cash management| New account opening| Small business loan applications, approvals, or advances| Consumer wire transfers|Investment/Brokerage services| Commercial wire transfers| Loan application and approval| Business-to-business payments| Account aggregation| Employee benefits/pension administration| You may hear electronic banking as a different names like: Online Banking, Home Banking, Internet Banking or PC Banking. They are simply different names for same product. You’ll need two things to banking online: a Personal Computer and a modem connected to phone line. If you use your bank’s software, you’ll normally have to use a Dial-Up connection to access your account directly from the bank’s computer. Otherwise you’ll have to go to your bank’s website on the Internet. You will need an Internet connection and a web browser. (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer). Definition of E-Banking E-banking is defined as the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and services directly to customers through electronic, interactive communication channels. E-banking includes the systems that enable financial institution customers, individuals or businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financial products and services through a public or private network, including the Internet. Customers access e-banking services using an intelligent electronic device, such as a personal computer (PC), personal digital assistant (PDA), automated teller machines (ATM), kiosk, or Touch Tone telephone. While the risks and controls are similar for the various e-banking access channels, this booklet focuses specifically on Internet-based services due to the Internet’s widely accessible public network. Accordingly, this booklet begins with a discussion of the two primary types of Internet websites: informational and tra nsactional. History of E-Banking At the early 1980s step by step modern home online banking services took the place of distance banking service. Online services started in New York in 1981 when four of the city’s major banks (Citibank, Chase Manhattan, Chemical and Manufacturers Hanover) offered home banking services using the videotext system, because that video text got commercial failure. This banking service never became popular except in France and UK. In France videotext (Minitel) was subsidised by the telecom provider and in the UK Prestel system was used. First UK bank which was setup home online banking services was Bank Of Scotland for the use of customers from Nottingham Building Society (NBS) in 1983. The system used was based on the UK’s Prestel system and used a computer, such as the BBC Micro, or keyboard (Tandata Td1400) connected to the telephone system and television set. The system was gave chance to customers to view their statements, bank transfers and bill payments. Stanford Federal Credit Union was the first financial institution to offer online internet banking services to all of its members in October 1994. Today, many banks are just virtual banks on the Internet. These banks don’t have real Branches instead they offering better interest rates and online banking features. Online Banking Methods We have 3 ways to banking online: Bank Software Your bank will give you Special Software to install on your PC. The software will allow you to connect to your bank’s computer through a Special network instead of using Internet, then u can access to your account. Internet-Based You can access to your account information through bank’s website via modem connect to Internet Personal Finance Software Software such as Quicken or Microsoft Money allows you to exchange financial information with your bank. The software connected to Bank’s computer via Internet-Based. But your bank system must be compatible with this software. Mobile Banking In their simplest form, mobile banking services enable users to receive information on their account balances via SMS. The new WAP- and Java-enabled mobile phones using GPRS support a wider variety of banking services such as fund transfers between accounts, stock trading, and confirmation of direct payments via the phone’s micro browser. Functionality If you want to use online banking, for example in CIMB Clicks (CIMB Bank Online Banking Websites), firstly you should go to the nearest CIMB Bank branch to get the password. This password is function as the user account of online banking system. After you get the password from the bank, you can directly login into CIMB Bank online banking system, but at the first you must register first by filling the CIMB Bank Online Banking Account Registration Form (write your name, address, choose the online banking user ID and password, etc. and also put the password that given by the bank into the form (the chosen password may different with the password that given by the bank, depends on you). After the registration is successful, then you can put the user ID and the password and login. When login, you have to put the correct user ID and the password, you will successfully login into online banking. And then, after that, all of the transaction menu will appear at CIMB Bank Online Banking Websites Homepage. To see your CIMB Bank account balance, you just click the Account Enquiry menu in CIMB Click homepage, and then your CIMB Bank account balance will appear followed by your CIMB Bank account number and type of your CIMB Bank account. In Account Enquiry menu you also can check your transaction history, by clicking your CIMB Bank account number. If you want to transfer your money, between your saving account and current account or vice versa, or transferring money between CIMB Bank account and others bank account, you just click Transfer Funds menu in â€Å"CIMB Click† homepage. And then, you will need a TAC code for do transfer money. TAC is Transaction Authority Code, that functionally for do transfer money, and TAC code can you earn by register your mobile number to the CIMB Bank and the TAC code will be sent to your mobile number by SMS. And then, after you receive the TAC Code, enter the code and you are ready for transferring your money. But, before you confirm transferring your money, you can view the transaction details, in order to check the money recipient name and the recipient bank account number. If you want to pay your bills, you just choose what bill to be paid, and then money from what account which you will use, then enter the TAC (Transaction Authority Code), and then confirm. If you want to reload your mobile phone prepaid card, you just enter your mobile phone number, select your mobile phone operator, then enter the reload value, money from what account which you will use, and then enter the TAC (Transaction Authority Code), and then confirm. Basically, the method of the others transaction is same with money transfers, pay bills, and reload mobile phone prepaid method. You just fill the transaction requirement, enter the TAC (Transaction Authority Code), and then confirm. Advantages At the page before, we already describe what is online banking system and how does this system work. Every system usually has an advantages and disadvantages. At this segment we want to describe what the advantages of this online banking system. 1. Pay your bill online You can use online banking to pay your bills. By using online banking system, you don’t have to worry for stamps again and it can protect yourself from the mistakes that you have done for example check that you have lost it in the mail. Most banks will have a section in which you set up payees. When you are using online banking system, you will need to fill out the information once, and then you can just simply choose that profile every time you pay a bill online that you want to see. If the bank that you use doesn’t have any online bills payment system you can also do the paying trough other online company. But usually this kind of company will charge some amount of fee. 2. Effective and efficient Online banking conducts the transactions from the comfort of your home. It is wasting time and energy if we go to the bank. Rather than go directly to the bank, we can use the time and energy to do another more useful things. Paying bills online becomes easier because of this system. Many banks offer online calendars, which is use to assist us about the monthly payment of bills and prevent a thing called default. However, not all transactions can be done online. There are some transactions and actions that would require direct interaction with the bankers. 3. Free to use (access) Almost all the online banking services which are available right now are offered free by many banks to all who want to use it. But there are also some banks that charge a certain amount for using this online service system. Normally, bank that has many branches will have the online banking service system, but smaller banks may not have the online banking service. 4. View you transaction Online banking system allows you to access your account history and transactions anytime anywhere. By using this online banking system, you gain the quickest way to check your account and see if your account has cleared from the transaction that you have been made. This can help you to find out the amount of a transaction from the receipt that you have lost. It also allows you to find out any transactions that you didn’t make and it is there more quickly. And also this system can help you to resolve the issues that you have more quickly. 5. Transfer money between account Online banking system also allows you to transfer money between accounts much more quickly. It is more efficient than using the automated phone service, and can save you trip to the bank that can cost you some money. When you are using online banking system, make sure that all of the accounts that you have at the bank are listed. This will make you easier to transfer money to other account and make loan payments online if you wanted to. 6. Easy account maintenance By using online banking system account maintenance become very easy. Online Banking makes you easier to keep track of your balance and the activity of your accounts. For those who have multiple accounts in the same bank, many online banking systems allow you to check the balances of all of your accounts at once. Besides that, you can also easily go back and forth between your accounts and monitor their activity easily. 7. Account alert Online banking also got one system that user can use called account alert set up. This system sends an email or even text message to you based upon certain criteria that you have applied. For example, if you have any bill payment that is doubled or stated twice, there will be an electronic check is drafted and mailed, you could set up an alert to be sent to you advising when the bank has mailed out the payment. Other alerts like weekly activity alerts, statement alerts, and low balance alerts are also included. These alerts provided to monitor your account easier. The advantages of online banking are increasing every time. Banks realize that online banking have the potential for savings and also focus on the â€Å"Go Green† event by reducing the amount of paper usage. Over time, you will realize the convenience and cost effectiveness to your budget as you see the money and time saved by using this online banking system. Disadvantages Although online banking has many benefits or advantages for the customers, actually online banking also has some drawbacks or disadvantages. Here are some of the drawbacks or the disadvantages of online banking. 1. The most important drawbacks or disadvantages, which often occurs on the bank customers is about security issues. Hacker probably still could hack the customer’s online banking account although the online banking website is heavily encrypted. Some bank’s customers who use online banking, suddenly complaint to the bank because their money that saving in their bank account suddenly lost, stolen by unknown persons (refers to the hacker), and the bank cannot do anything. 2. Bank’s customers must have a User ID and Password for login on the online banking website. To get the User ID and the password, customers must come to the bank for applying online banking User ID and waiting for a moment for approval. Of course the customers will spend much time for doing that. 3. Online banking is hard to navigate at the first time. Many bank customers got confused when they had first time login at online banking site. Some bank customers got little-bit confused about the feature in the online banking websites at the first time. 4. Online banking cannot do withdraw the money directly. When you are lazy to go to ATM, if you want to do withdraw the money, of course you should go to the ATM to withdraw money. Except if you want to do money transfer, pay your bills, top up your mobile phone value, etc. , you can use online banking when you are lazy to go to the ATM, so you don’t need to go to ATM for doing that (transfer money, etc. ). So, if you are in case of emergency, need the money immediately, you cannot withdraw your money immediately via online banking. 5. Online banking has lack of trust. When you are using online banking for doing transaction, you may wondered whether you are doing the right thing or not, or you are doing transaction correctly or not, because you did not get the transaction receipt. So, you cannot make your own record because the receipt did not print. Printing the transaction statement is important, if someday there is mismatch of data with the bank’s data, maybe you will think that your money is lost. Impact of the Technology Of course we all already know the term e-banking. But, how much effect the changes caused by this technology to CIMB companies? In this section, we will explain what changes are happening with the e-banking system coming up. With the e-banking system, CIMB obtain higher profits than banks that do not use e-banking system. Why? Due to the existence of such systems, virtually CIMB will be open 24 / 7. So profits will be generated even greater because there is no limit of time if there is any customer that wanted to do some transactions. By having e-banking system, CIMB don’t need to have many buildings because all transactions can be done online. Which means any costumers that have internet access can access to his/her account without going to the bank itself and by doing that, CIMB will save more because they only need to have server rather than a new building in different areas which cost more money. By using e-banking, CIMB will have more satisfied customers because customers can do their transactions faster, easier, safer and more reliable. So people prefer to choose banks which have e-banking system. If many people join that kind of banks, the profit of that bank will automatically raise. Conclusion The Internet has grown exponentially, with more than 30 million users worldwide currently. The Internet enhances the interaction between two businesses as well as between individuals and businesses. As a result of the growth of the Internet, electronic commerce has emerged and offered tremendous market potential for today’s businesses. One industry that benefits from this new communication channel is the banking industry. Electronic banking is offering its customers with different services: Customers are able to be in touch with their banking accounts as well as make financial transactions from virtually anywhere without time wasting. Electronic Banking is offered by many banking due to pressures from competitions. In order for electronic banking to continue to grow, the security and the privacy aspects need to be improved. With the security and privacy issues resolved, the future of electronic banking can be very rosperous. The future of electronic banking will be a system where users are able to interact with their banks â€Å"worry-free† and banks are operated under one common standard. References Peterson, Marcus. 2006. Ezine Articles. Advantages of Internet Banking. [online]. Available at: http://ezinearticles. com/? Advantages-of-Internet-Banking;id=273438. [Accessed 28 October 2010] Kenny, Joseph. 2006. Ezine Articles. Benefits Of Online Banking. [online]. Available at: http://ezinearticles. com/? Benefits-Of-Online-Banking;id=358315. [Accessed 28 October 2010] Caldwell, Miriam. n. d. About. com. Three Advantages of Online Banking. [online]. Available at: http://moneyfor20s. about. com/od/financialinstitutions/tp/Online-Banking. htm. [Accessed 28 October 2010] ShawnTe, 2010. Bright Hub. The Advantages of Online Banking. [online]. Available at: http://www. brighthub. com/money/personal-finance/articles/35101. aspx. [Accessed 28 October 2010] World of the Wise. 2009. Hubpages. Online Banking: 10 disadvantages you must know. [online]. Available at: http://hubpages. com/hub/Online-Banking-10-disadvantages-you-must-know. Accessed 30 October 2010] Bantwal, Natasha. n. d. Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Banking Services. [blog] n. d. Available at: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-online-banking-services. html. [Accessed 30 October 2010] Russel, Michael. 2007. Ezine Articles. Online Banking: Advantages and Disadvantages. [online]. Available at: http://ezinearticles. com/? Online-Banking:-Advantages-and-Disadvantages;id=445102. [Accessed 30 October 2010] Cheahyuniq, 2009. Hubpages. The Basics of Internet Banking using CIMB Clicks. online]. Available at: http://hubpages. com/hub/The-Basics-of-Internet-Banking-using-CIMB-Clicks. [Accessed at 30 October 2010] MYeCASH, n. d. How to use CIMB Clicks?. [online]. Available at: http://myecash. com. my/topup/CIMB_Clicks_guide/myind. html [Accessed 30 October 2010] CIMB Clicks, n. d. Frequently Asked Questions. [online]. Available at: http://www. cimbclicks. com. my/faq_tac. htm. [Accessed 30 October 2010] Human Aspects of Computing Human Computer Interface (HCI) HCI is describing about how human interact with the computer. In this part, I want to explain about how human interact with the computer which is online banking to get what user wants. In order to get what the user desire, there must be some acts from the human because this system cannot work without any interaction from the user. While using this system, firstly users need to sign into the e-banking website which is CIMB-Click. To do some transactions in this part, users need to sign in by using their own registered ID. After that they need to choose what transactions will they do then the computer will redirect the user to the webpage they desire. E. g. transfer money. After getting to this kind of website, the system will ask for the amount of the money will the user transfer and which other account the user will transfer to. In case that the users still don’t have any registered ID in CIMB Click, they just simply need to fill some form that CIMB already provide. By doing that all, it proves that computer need some acts or interactions with the users while processing. Ergonomics Ergonomics is also important things that banks to notice. By ergonomics, it means that we must put some attentions to the user’s size. At ATM machine, banks design the machine in like a way so that any size of user will not have a hard time to use it. E. g. the height of the ATM machine, how the monitor facing and etc. System Failure System failure of a system can be caused by many things. Most of them are caused by the misact of the user themselves. At this segment will explain about what and why system fails. Lack of information This system failure happens because the system didn’t provide the user all the information that they need to use that system that will cause a system failure. Maybe for young user they still can use that system, but for old people, this system is very complicate because they don’t understand what should they do and that cause the system fail. Natural disaster Natural disaster can also make the system fail. For example if there is any bad weather such as thunder storm and raining hardly can cause the internet down and because internet down, automatically we also cannot use the online banking. Technical issues Talking about technical issues, there are actually two kinds of technical issues. The first one is internal technical issues. This system failure usually caused by the error of the program or software which that system using. If we applied to e-banking, we can say that we cannot draw some money from the ATM because there are any technical issues with the server. This is called system failure. The second one is the external technical issues. This system failure usually caused by the error of the hardware which that system using. In e-banking, usually external kinds of technical issues can be found if there is any problem with the for example hard drive, monitor, etc. Human Health Concern In human aspects of computing, health concern also one of the important topic. Why? Because if didn’t concern about health while using some technologies which is available right now, people will suffer the negative effect of technology. For example computer stressed injuries. What is a computer stress injury? Usually many people seat in front of their computer for a long time because they are working or doing something else. This can cause people to have a fair amount of computer stress, from minor amounts of frustrations and become huge frustrations. By having a high level of stress can actually kill people themselves. Most of the worker which have a high level of stress may have a higher risk of having a heart diseases or even cancer. So by knowing that e-banking system should have a more simpler kinds of progress so people can get it through without any stress or sitting in front of the computer too long. Recommendation Judging by the similarities and differences that I discuss, e-banking should have more reliable and saver system such as server, prog rams, and way to use it because all this elements can effects the user’s satisfaction. The higher or lower profits of will the bank get depends on high or lower the customer satisfaction. And also bank should make the system easier so aged people can use this system and less consuming time for the customers who use this system. References Alex. 2008. Healthy Healthy List. Top 4 Health Problems Caused By Computer Use. [online]. Available at: http://heheli. com/business/top-4-health-problems-caused-by-computer-use. [Accessed 29 October 2010] Security Issue Nowadays technologies had effected on smallest matters of our life. It changed that how we behave to other people and how we do business today. As result of Internet and new technologies, Electronic Commerce has come out, allowing trades easily be in touch with their customers and other companies inside and outside of their industries. One of the important industries that use these new technologies is Electronic Banking. Elec tronic Banking systems lead the demanding of customers to new things compare to before, demand for any time any where services, and products with respect to demanding of customers change and get more complicate. According to these complication and changes of banking systems, discuss the security on Electronic Banking become so disturbing and important. They are some tips that should care about side, customer and bank. First we are going to mention the tips that customer must care about them: Phishing Phishing happen when you an E-mail, text message and IM that shows to be from your bank. If you click on the link and enter your username and password, you may be giving your information to another person. You must always know that your bank never going to contact you in this way or never ask you to provide your username and password. Hackers will create banking website exactly same looks with your real bank website. Saved Username and Password For your Tranquility, many online browsers like Safari, Internet Explorer (IE), Firefox and Google Chrome will automatically save your passwords and usernames to login to your account for the next time that you use it. If the computer that you are using is ever lost or stolen or if you are using a public computer that other people may have access to, they may have access to your information. This matter can be avoided by not allowing your username or password to be saved when these Internet providers ask you to save your username and password. Viruses Viruses, which are created by hackers, are group of codes that can cause different things to happen when it installs on a PC or network. Viruses can collect personal information or your login information. Using a good anti-virus software and do not click on suspicious emails or links that you do not know can protect you from viruses. Now we are going to talk about Security on E-banking for Banks: ATM By using of ATM Machine you can withdraw cash money from your account. You ha ve to put your bank account inside the machine, and then the machine will ask you for the password. Usually, when you apply for ATM Card from your bank, your bank will ask you to put in your Card in to the ATM Machine for the first time and change your password. Usually the banks have limit to withdraw money from your account per day, this is for preventing of abusing your card. It means that if you lost your card and sadly someone find your card and find out your password, he/she can’t withdraw from your account more than limit of the day before you report about your card to your bank. Related Papers No related posts.