Nouns: Functions, Meaning of and How to Use

Nouns: Functions, Meaning of and How to Use The Noun Phrase What does a noun phrase mean? Noun phrase is a word that comes from two words, the first one is noun and the second one is phrase. The Meaning of Noun Noun is a word that used to call a persons, animals, things, places, and ideas. For example, Persons : Jimmy, Susan, Peter, John, Angelo, Michael, etc. Animal s: bird, elephant, tiger, snake, whale, etc. Things : car, building, table, pen, etc. Places : airport, opera house, museum, Eifel tower, etc. There are many different types of nouns: common noun, proper noun, abstract noun, concrete noun, countable noun, mass noun, and collective noun. Types of Nouns 1. Common Noun is a noun in general referring to person, animal, place, or thing. For example: man, boy, monkey, bank, gun, and television. A young man walks along the road. A monkey likes to eat banana. Sally work in a bank. A policeman sees a gun near the river. The children want to watch a television. 2. Proper Noun is a noun of specific person, place or thing. Example: Tom, Haiti, China, Monday, or December. Tom is a soldier. There were many people death in Haiti last month. The panda are from China. They will do to the sea in December. The sun is the center of solar system. 3. Abstract Noun is a noun which we cannot perceive by senses. For example: thought, beauty, wisdom, friendship. Nobody can read our thought. The young girls always talk about her beauty. The friendship between friends is very important. 4. Concrete Noun is a noun which is opposite of abstract noun. We can perceive by senses: sight, touch, taste, hearing and smell. 5. Countable Noun is a noun which we can count. We can use in singular and plural form. For example: pen pens, car cars, year years. A student wants to buy the new pens. Her mother go to see a new car. 6. Mass Noun or uncountable noun is a noun which we cannot count and it does not have plural form. For example: water, milk, gas, oxygen, furniture. Water is good for health. The children must drink milk for their growth. Human needs oxygen for life. We want to see the new furniture for our new house. 7. Collective Noun is a noun of grouping things, persons or animals. For example: committee, flock, class. The committee meets every Tuesday. The flock of sheep are in the pasture. The class will start at nine thirty. The grammatical functions of noun in a sentence can be subject, subject complement, direct object, indirect object, object complement, appositive noun. Functions of Nouns Nouns can be the subject in a sentence which do an action with a verb. Example: Jimmy wants to go Thailand. A bus stops in front of the school. Nouns can be object in a sentence, both direct object and indirect object. Example: Direct object Tommy washes his car every month. My mother buys some fruits from the market. A naughty boy hits a small dog. Example: Indirect object I gave Michael the camera. My friend sent me some parcels. Nouns can be object of preposition. Example: I saw my old friend at the museum. Museum is the object of preposition at. He drove his car to the office. Office is the object of preposition to. Nouns can be subjective complement. Example: The fried chicken are delicious. The fried chicken taste delicious. Nouns can be objective complement. Example: We find the fried chicken delicious. Nouns can be appositive noun. It means that appositive is a noun placed near another noun. Example: My brother, John is in town for the reunion. The movie, Avatar won the best motion picture in 2010. The Meaning of Phrase Phrase is a group of words function as a single unit in the syntax of sentence or a group of grammatical connected words within a sentence. There are many types of phrase. They are noun phrase, verb phrase, adverbial phrase, adjective phrase, participle phrase, prepositional phrase, absolute phrase, infinitive phrase and gerund phrase. The Meaning of Noun Phrase Noun phrase is a group of words in a sentence which together behave as a noun in a sentence, for example: the night train, the man in black. Noun phrase also consists of pronoun or noun with any associated modifiers, including adjectives, adjective phrases, adjective clauses and other nouns in the possessive case. Noun phrase can be like noun as subject, object of verb, subject or object complement, or object of preposition. For example: subject: Small boys often insist that they can do it by themselves. object of verb: To read quickly is Eugenes goal. subject complement: Frankenstein is a name of the scientist not the ghost. object complement: She considers panda is her favorite animal. Noun phrase can be analyzed into both functional constituents and formal constituents. From the functional point of view, the noun phrase has four components. The determinative, that constituent which determines the reference of noun phrase in its situation context. Pre-modification, which comprises all the modifying or describing constituents before the head. The head, around which the other constituents cluster. Post-modification, those which comprise all the modifying constituents placed after the head. Heather Marie Kosur said that there are five grammatical forms can perform the grammatical function of noun phrase modifier in English language. (Heather Marie Kosur:2009) The five grammatical forms that can functions as nouns phrase are nouns phrases, adjective phrases, preposition phrase, verb phrase and relative clauses. Noun phrase can make use of the apposition structure. It means that the elements in the noun phrase are not in head-modifier relationship but in a relation of equality. The head of noun phrase can be implied. The implied noun phrase is most commonly used as a generic plural referring to human being. (Arnold Zwicky: 2008) Noun phrase also can be headed by elements others than nouns, pronouns or determiners which has given rise to the postulation of a determiner phrase instead of a noun phrase. Some purposes, noun phrase can be treated as single grammatical units. It is most noticeable in syntax of English genitive case. Noun phrase are prototypically used for acts of reference. Not often, noun phrase is used for predication. And noun phrases are used for identifications. The possible for a noun phrase to play the role of subject and predicate lads to the constructions of syllogisms. How to use Noun Phrase in my classroom? For my teaching in a primary school, it is very difficult for the students to learn more about noun, types of nouns and functions of nouns. The students cannot remember all of them. Sometimes they do not know what different between each words in a sentence. I have many steps of my teaching about nouns to make my students understand and remember easily. First of all, teach the students pronounce the words correctly by repeating again and again. When they can pronounce the words they also know and understand the meaning of the words too. Second, let the students practice how to spell the words by writing or dictation. After that teach them use the words write the sentences. The sentences they write must not be the complex sentences but they are easy or simple sentences. Next, I always teach my students about countable nouns and uncountable nouns in order to let them know how to use the articles: a, and, the, or the different determiners. Then tell them about singular or plural words, I also explain them how to use verbs with each singular nouns or plural nouns when they write the sentences, too. It is very difficult to make the students understand and remember how to use the articles relate with singular nouns and plural nouns and also with verbs. For example: The children go to school. Some of the students understand that children is singular noun so they write a wrong sentence as The children goes to school. but some of them know that it is plural noun so they write a sentence correctly. During teaching how to use the article with nouns, I also teach the students about the proper nouns because I want them to know and use the correct article the with the proper nouns. Not all of the proper nouns can use with article the but some of them can use article and some cannot. Sometimes the students forget what is proper noun or common noun so I try to let them practice the words as many ways as I can. The ways I teach my students how to practice the words are using activities, games, worksheet and also assignments. The next step is teaching the students know how to use nouns with the other types of words especially with the adjective. It is very difficult to explain to the students to understand how to use adjectives with nouns. The adjectives always go before nouns and also describe or identify the nouns. But for my students they always forget how to place the adjectives. They sometimes put the adjectives after the nouns. Sometimes they do not know what word is adjective or not so they often use the wrong word. The way to solve this problem is try to train the students practice by giving them many exercises such as the exercise about noun phrase which use adjective, for example: the red car, a big green tree, etc. It is very difficult to explain the rules of nouns phrases for the students to understand clearly all of the nouns phrases or how to know what nouns phrases are. Normally for Thai students, they are easy to forget the rules of language because they do not use foreign language in their daily life but only in the English class or do the examination or have the competition that they must use English or other language. So they do not attend to study or remember foreign language like English. The important thing for the students is how to remember the words so they must like to speak, read and write the words or sentences and sometimes sing the songs. They just do that every day like their routine not only in the English period they learn but they can do in the free time. In my opinion, the last thing that the English teacher must do is how to make the students feel good or comfortable with the good atmosphere in learning English and love to learn English with their pleasure and have happiness, too. References Arnold Zwicky. Starting out on the wrong foot. Language Log. http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=75. Retrieved 2008-11-01. Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary. Heather Macfadyen. University of Ottawa Canada University. www.aets.uottawa.ca Heather Marie Kosur. The grammatical Noun Phrase Modifier in English. 2009 Term: Noun Phrases. UsingEnglish.com http://www.usingenglish.com/grossary/noun-phrase.html. Retrieved 2008-11-01. The American HeritageÂÂ ® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. Third Edition. Copyright ÂÂ © 2005 by Houghton Miffin Company. All right reserved. http://www.brighthub.com/education/language/articles/32754. http://ict.moph.go.th/English/content/noun01.htm http://www.iscribe.org/english/noun.html http://www.towson.edu/ows/noun.htm

Defects of Human Nature Essay

Human nature can be defined as being the psychological characteristics of humankind which are understood to be shared by all human beings. In the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, the flaws of human nature are explored in detail. When critics asked Golding about the theme of the novel, he replied, â€Å"The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature† (p. 204). He believes that political systems cannot govern society effectively without first taking into consideration the defects of human nature. One of the numerous flaws in human nature which is illustrated in â€Å"Lord of the Flies† is the reluctance of admitting one’s mistakes. The characters in this novel are of young age, the oldest being around 12 or 13 years old. This leaves room for many mistakes to be made, as young children are bound to make mistakes. It is human nature to deny mistakes, and to instead blame mishaps on others. In the beginning of â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, when the first meeting is held, Piggy suggests a head count to keep track of everyone, especially the â€Å"littluns. † Ralph and Jack dismiss this idea by making fun of Piggy instead of taking his comment into consideration. There was a little child that talked about a â€Å"snake-thing† (p. 35). He is only distinguished by a mark on his face. The other boys laugh at the child and write off the idea as a nightmare. Later, when the boys are looking for wood, they come across a snake-pit. It is then when Piggy realizes that the small boy with the mark on his face is gone. â€Å"That little’un that had a mark on his face–where is–he now? I tell you I don’t see him–where is he now? † (p. 46-47) Piggy reprimands the other boys for not listening him and taking a head count. Instead of admitting his mistake, Ralph shamefully mumbles an excuse: â€Å"Perhaps he went back to the, the–† (p. 47). Ralph and Jack also blame the incident on Piggy who was put in charge of the â€Å"names. † However, it is not Piggy’s fault because there was no way that he could accomplish this task without the cooperation of the other boys, which was not available to him. The absence of the little one is ignored and is never spoken of again. This is an example of how people are reluctant to admit their mistakes and would rather blame things on others. When Simon realizes that the beastie is not real, but is rather the dead parachuter, he feels obligated to inform the other boys of his discovery. However, Simon barges in on them during one of their feast celebrations. The boys at the feast are dancing and are caught up in the excitement of the night. Not fully aware of the situation, when Simon made his unannounced entrance, he was mistaken for being the beast. In the excitement of the night, nobody realized the mistake and as a consequence, Simon was brutally murdered. After the incident, nobody believed that they actually committed the murder, and instead they all try to find excuses for their actions: â€Å"‘Don’t you understand, Piggy? The things we did–‘ ‘He may still be–‘ ‘No. ‘ ‘P’raps he was only pretending–‘† (p. 157). â€Å"It was an accident, that’s what it was†¦ coming in the dark. He was batty. He asked for it. It was an accident†¦. It was an accident, and that’s that. † (p. 157). Ralph and Piggy are not comfortable with what they had done when they woke up the next morning. Ralph realizes what happened, but Piggy persistently attempts to find an excuse for their actions, as can be seen in the quotes above. He denies all involvement in the murder and struggles to prove to himself, as well as to Ralph, that they both were not connected to the killing in any way. Sam and Eric [or Samneric] feel the same way about the situation as do Ralph and Piggy. The twins act as if they were not present when the murder took place, even though it is obvious they were. They justify this excuse by pretending that they left the feast early because they were â€Å"tired. † Piggy and Ralph go along with this explanation and actually use it for themselves as well: â€Å"‘We left early,’ said Piggy quickly, ‘because we were tired. ‘ ‘So did we–‘† (p. 158). All four of the boys are pretending that they do not know of what is going on and are shaken by the â€Å"dance they had not attended† (p. 158). Throughout â€Å"The Lord of the Flies†, William Golding identifies many â€Å"defects of human nature. † One of the themes of the novel is an â€Å"attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature† (p. 204). The flaws in human nature must be taken into consideration in order to build a successful political structure. In this novel, the young children do now have this knowledge and therefore their society breaks down. It is in human nature for one to be unwilling to admit one’s mistakes, and throughout the Lord of the Flies, Golding has exemplified this flaw in a variety of different ways.

Planning Process Paper Essay

I will compare the planning process to my current workplace. Followed by what I believe would be more crucial and why I think that. Also, I will briefly go over why I do not believe organizations can over-plan during this process. The Basic: Planning Process Step #1: Situational Analysis—This step is where you would typically answer the question, â€Å"Where are we now? † (Amicaall). In my current workplace, the main focus in this step is to be sure that the customer is aware of the customer survey that lucky few may receive. Now, the goal is to be sure the ones who may receive this survey are honest when filling it out with the most accurate information. All survey’s are read and sent to the dealership the vehicle was serviced, or purchased. Therefore, any concern from the customer will highly be considered. We assure that ever individual that has an opportunity of receiving one of these important surveys is aware when delivering the vehicle after any services. So that if there is an issue with the service, that they please notify us before filling out the survey this way we are sure the customer is happy with all services. Also, so that the consumer will know how honesty we stand by our word of correcting and listening to their suggestions by making them happy right away. â€Å"Planners should gather, interpret, and summarize all information relevant to the planning issue in question. A through situational analysis studies past events, examines current conditions, and attempts to forecast future trends† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). By us being sure that are customers are aware of the survey ahead of time, we are more than likely to get a better knowledge of where we may need to focus more on improving or attempting the consumer’s ideas. By doing so, we are more like to achieve reaching our goals. Step #2: Alternative Goals and Plans—â€Å"based on the situational analysis, the planning process should generate alternative goals that may be pursued in the future and the alternative plans that may be used to achieve those goals† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). A lot of our goals set at work are not just to be sure that all customers are happy but also that they know if there’s something that has not instantly been put into effect that we are still in the process of doing so. It may be something that takes a little more financial effort as well as time. For example, a lot of customer have mentioned the would like if their vehicle was washed and vacuumed after every service. We state the following to the customer when this is brought to our attention, â€Å"As of now we are relocating to another facility, fortunately we will be in a bigger building that will also have a car wash available. But for now we have washed your windows and vacuumed the vehicle. We look forward to being able to serve you better. Step #3: Goal and Plan Evaluation—â€Å"next, managers will evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, and potential effects of each alternative goal and plan† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). This is pretty simple; the goal and plan evaluation is discussed every morning within our manager meetings. Some of the ideas in plans they’ve discussed in meetings are the following: complimentary snacks, drinks, opening a Starbucks coffee station and mai ling/emailing great coupons, specials off of services, even possibly a parking garage. The managers gather together to see what is best benefiting the customers and if there are any new ideas that may be brought to their attention. One, manager even stated he over heard a customer state to another customer, â€Å"that it wouldn’t be a bad idea if they had wireless internet so that I could continue to work while my vehicle is being serviced, you would think they would be caught up with the technology no days. † If so what they plan on doing to implant them, are they realistic and attainable? While in the meeting they’ll discuss several ideas and examples of how to keep all eyes and ears open for any future goals and plans. Step #4: Goal and Plan Selection—â€Å"once managers have assessed the various goals and plans, they will select the one that’s most appropriate and feasible† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). After everyone discussing and gathering information from consistent consumers the dealership has decided to select the following as plans for the future; parking garage, complimentary drinks, a Starbucks station that consists of snacks, breakfast and lunch sandwiches up for purchase. Until the Starbucks station has built their customers, we have coupon vouchers so that the customer may have their first Starbuck’s Drinks for free. As all these ideas come out the next step would be to be sure the news letter gets mailed and emailed out to all of our customers and consumers. The newsletters will state all goals and plans that have been selected for our future facility. Step #5: Implementation—â€Å"once managers have selected the goals and plans, they must implement the plans designed to achieve the goals† (Bateman & Snell, 2007). Well, as of now the dealership has implemented a lot of the planned goals. By this I mean, we now have a Starbucks station filled with snacks and many different beverages. We also have put a refrigerator full of all types of sodas and water all complimentary for all customers and purchaser of Toyota Sales and Service. As for the Parking Garage and Car Wash they are both in the works, we have blue prints showing where the next facility will be built. Step #6: Monitor and Control—â€Å"although it is sometimes ignore, this step in the formal planning process is essential. Planning works in a cycle; it is an ongoing, repetitive process. (Bateman & Snell, 2007). Now, the way the company monitors and tracks all the works in cycle is by asking all customers that look like they have purchased or used the vouchers if they enjoy having Starbucks. All mentioned it’s a great change and they all thanked the company for taking the time to listen to their ideas. The managers noticed that all surveys they were receiving had plenty comments about how the changes really benefit them. A lot commented on the wireless internet how covenant it was to have service performed on their vehicle and it didn’t even seem that they weren’t at work because they could still use their computer and complete work assignments. To management it seemed that they were on the right track, by listening to the customers they could make most of them happy and keep their business. By doing so it seems that they’re helping to provide a better workplace as well as a great setting for people to achieve personal as well as career goals. In conclusion, an organization can not be very successful if they do not stay within the basic planning process. As I’ve explained above every step is very important, though one I believe is most crucial and that is Step #! Situational Analysis. The reason why I feel this is most important is because if you analyze a situation incorrectly then you may be headed in the wrong direction as far as improving. The situation may not need any correction or improvement at the time, therefore the situation that needs most improvement may be overlooked. I don’t believe that any organization may over plan because the more effort put into planning the more correction or ideas m ay be created. This will prepare the organization for several different scenarios.

Swot Contribution to Porters Model - 2629 Words

Discuss how Porter’s 5 forces model might contribute to a SWOT analysis Created in 1994 and launched in 1995, Amazon.com today is a group which count several websites and search engine such as Alexa or A9, mobipocket.com, the Internet Movie Database (imdb.com) or even the group Abebooks, specialized in ancient and rare books. In 2007, Jeff Besos, Amazon s CEO, launched the Kindle, made to compete with a whole new range of pads like the Apple Ipad. Over the years Amazon has diversified its activities and is today competing on a product entirely different from their original service. This is due to the business experience developed over the years which has create opportunities for Amazon. Nevertheless some onlooker are still suspicious†¦show more content†¦As we have seen the external environment has positive (opportunities) and negative (threats) possibilities. A company should take advantage whenever it is possible of its opportunities coming from its current weaknesses and strengths. An opportunity is usually completely or marginally out of the range of the company s influence, meaning for instance the development of a new way of making business for the firm, like the development of the e-business a few years ago. While the threats are a problem in the environment which can then get worse and become hazardous for a firm s growth, such as new competition for example. As we have seen previously the SWOT analysis can be consider as a picture of the company, which can show some movements but will not provide the next pictures, or even a lead to know which way things are moving. As an example we can use the case of IBM which was a leader in the IT industry. A SWOT analysis conduct by the Yankee Group showed that IBM was immovable from its leader position, but since that time the company has been overtaken by firms like Microsoft or Intel. This shows one of the lack of this analysis which did not lead the firm into strategic decisions when a different situation appeared (money loosing situation). 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